76.來自華盛頓特區國家衛生保健管理研究所發布的年度報告。
77.1997年至1998年間，全球藥品銷售前三的國家如下表：
就製藥公司在世界市場的銷售額而言，細分為：
See: Morrow, D. J., “Worldwide drug sales up 7% in '98.” New York Times (March 23,1999): C5.
78.Tanouye, E., 1998, op. cit. In this excellent Wall Street Journal analysis the reporter notes that the U.S. market was driving not only profits but also all industry research and development plans.
79.20世紀末，醫療保險提供商和健康維護組織報告說，藥費已經超過了住院治療的總開支……並預計這一數字將在21世紀頭十年急劇上升。例如，在美國，政府估計藥品的公共支出總額將從1998年的743億美元猛增至2007年的1711億美元。藥品在衛生支出中所占的比例，在1980年僅占4.9%，1998年為6.5%，到2007年將達到8%。.
80.Armstrong, K., Schwartz, J. S., and Asch, D. A. “Direct sale of Sildenafl (Viagra) to consumers over the Internet.” New England Journal of Medicine 341 (1999): 1389-92; Ostrom,C. M., “Internet medicine opens can of worms: Tremendous potential good—and harm.” Seattle Times (May 12, 1999): A1; and Stolberg, S. G., “The boom in medications brings rise in fatal risks.” New York Times (June 3, 1999): A1.
81.Murray, C. J., and Lopez, A. D., The Global Burden of Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.
82.See: Murray, C. J. L., and Lopez, A. D., “Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease study.” Lancet 349 (1997): 1436-42; and“Spirit of the age.” The Economist (December 19, 1999): 113-17.
83.Tanouye, E., 1998, op. cit.
84.Trouiller, P., “R & D drug development trends.” Conference on Drugs for Communicable Disease, Paris, October 14-15, 1999; and Silverstein, K., “Millions for Viagra,pennies for diseases of the poor.” The Nation (July 19, 1999): 13-19.