ARTICLE
An Article is a word placed before a noun to show whether the noun is used in a particular or general sense.
There are two articles, a or an and the.
A or an is called the indefinite article because it does not point put any particular person or thing but indicates the noun in its widest sense? thus, a man means any man whatever of the species or race.
The is called the definite article because it points out some particular person or thing? thus, the man means some particular individual.
NOUN
A noun is the name of any person, place or thing as John, London, book.Nouns are proper and common.
Proper nouns are names applied to particular persons or places.
Common nouns are names applied to a whole kind or species.
Nouns are inflected by number, gender and case.
Number is that inflection of the noun by which we indicate whether it represents one or more than one.
Gender is that inflection by which we signify whether the noun is the name of a male, a female, of an inanimate object or something which has no distinction of sex.
Case is that inflection of the noun which denotes the state of the person, place or thing represented, as the subject of an affirmation or question, the owner or possessor of something mentioned, or the object of an action or of a relation.
Thus in the example, "John tore the leaves of Sarah's book," the distinction between book which represents only one object and leaves which represent two or more objects of the same kind is called Number? the distinction of sex between John, a male, and Sarah, a female, and book and leaves, things which are inanimate and neither male nor female, is called Gender? and the distinction of state between John, the person who tore the book, and the subject of the affirmation, Mary, the owner of the book, leaves the objects torn, and book the object related to leaves, as the whole of which they were a part, is called Case.