ABSTRACTS
黃帝曆史形象的塑造——從司馬遷到魏收的曆史貢獻
Shaping the Historical Image of Huangdi——The Historical Contribution from Sima Qian to Wei Shou
Having detached from the context of legend，the image of Huangdi developed into two directions：as a deity and as a historical figure.Based on textual records and his on-site investigation，Sima Qian wrote the “Biography of Five Emperors” in the Shiji，in which he established the system of Chinese history.Instead of becoming a deity in the alchemists’ opinion，Huangdi is portrayed as a figure between the real and imagination，venerated as the example for later emperors and the ancestor of the Huaxia.Thus，Sima Qian formulized the historical image of Huangdi.The purpose of Sima Qian to shape the historical image of Huangdi was to sum up the historical experiences of the centralization of authority which was established，consolidated and developed in the West Han Dynasty.Objectively，this met the needs of Emperor Hanwudi to construct the great unity of China and consolidate an autocratic monarchy in which the empire belonged to a single family.Fully grasping the essence of Sima Qian’s thought，Wei Shou，a Northern Qi historian，pointed out in the Weishu，which is not only a dynastic history book of the Northern Dynasties but also a general history of Tuoba’s clan，that the ancestor of the Tuoba was the grandson of Huangdi.At the same time，he put in order the sinicized family names of all the tribes dominated in Tuoba’s tribes and promoted Huangdi as the common ancestor of all ethnic groups under the Northern Dynasties.In this way，he summarized the achievements of the reform of surnames in the Northern Wei Dynasty.And his articulation reflected the trend of national integration since the Eastern Han，Wei and Jin Dynasties，as well as the direction of the ethnic cultural infusion during the Northern Dynasties，and adapted to the rising of the Chinese culture.The establishment and spread of the historical image of Huangdi are contributed primarily to Sima Qian and Wei Shou.The view that “the beginning and end are both exotica” is wrong.The so-called saying that “the national ancestor never exists before the Chinese culture was included into the western country system” is improper.Although being denied and questioned constantly，the historical image of Huangdi as the ancestor of Chinese civilization became widely recognized both nation-wide and abroad over a long period of time of promotion.The reason of this lies in the need of the cohesion of the Chinese nation.