129.Alter, M., “Hepatitis C in the United States.” Presentation to Infectious Diseases Society of America conference, San Francisco, September 15, 1997。奧爾特指出,在美國,25%的肝髒移植是由於丙型肝炎感染而進行的;70%的感染者在不進行肝髒移植的情況下會發展成慢性肝病。10%的人在感染後的13~28年內發展成肝細胞癌。1997年,美國90%的靜脈吸毒者都是丙肝陽性。20世紀90年代,美國總共有400萬人因感染丙肝而患上慢性肝病,占美國人口的1.8%。
130.Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, State Report, 1996, op. cit.
131.戈古連科也不相信敖德薩的血庫供應,因為一些接受輸血的人已經患上了肝炎。因此,他也敦促他的醫生和護士給病人輸血,或者讓病人在接受手術前儲備自己的血液。基輔的官員承認,該國的血液供應沒有進行過丙型肝炎的例行檢測,而且乙型肝炎的檢測試劑盒供應不足,因此一些病人的血液肯定沒有進行適當的丙型肝炎病毒檢測。
132.Zmushko, E. and Bolekhan, V. N., “HIV- infection in the Russian Federation military forces.” Twelfth International Conference on AIDS, Geneva, June 28-July 3, 1998.
133.Wines, M., “Heroin Carries AIDS to a Region in Siberia,” The New York Times (April 24, 2000): A1.
134.Garrett, L., 1994, op. cit., pages 493-98.
135.歐洲的政府和私人機構都很緩慢地認識到這一趨勢,在處理這一問題上也更加緩慢。詳見:Open Society Institute.“Response to the illegal trafficking of women in Europe.”The Forced Migration Monitor 27 (1999): 1; Bohlen, C., “Exotic imports have. captured Italy's sex market.” New York Times (July 9, 1997): A4; Specter, M., “Traffickers' new cargo: Naive Slavic women.” New York Times (January 11, 1998): A1; “Giving the customer what he wants.” The Economist (February 14, 1998): 21-23; Farah, D., “Russian mobs form Colombian alliances.” San Francisco Chronicle (September 29, 1997): A1;等。