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201.1947年，杜魯門推動通過《國家安全法案》，成立了兩個重要機構：國家安全委員會和中央情報局。
202.1952年，美國在太平洋比基尼環礁成功引爆了第一枚氫彈；9個月後，蘇聯在西伯利亞也成功地引爆了氫彈。
203.Halberstam, D., The Fifties. New York: Villard Books, 1993.
204.The best source of information regarding Chargoff's numbers, DNA, and the basis of modern biology is Watson, J. D., Hopkins, N. H., Roberts, J. W., et al., Molecular Biology of the Gene. Fourth edition. Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings, 1987.