480.Levine, D. B. and Sobel, J. D., Infections in Intravenous Drug Abusers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991; and Institute of Medicine, Treating Drug Problems. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1990.
481.價格更昂貴的大麻很可能被提煉出高濃度的四氫大麻酚，這意味著大多數吸食者可能會大量吸入這種物質，哪怕他們的吸食量很小。
482.所有可卡因的價格都已驟降，其原因主要是拉美的供應量大幅上升。1979年，一克純可卡因的價格是780美元，到1987年就跌至142美元。參見Trebach, A. S. and Zeese, K.B., editors, The Great Issues of Drug Policy. Washington, D.C.: Drug Policy Foundation, 1990。
483.Duster, T., “Pattern, purpose, and race in the drug war.” In Reinarman, C. and Levine, H. G.,editors, Crack in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997; Baum, D., 1996, op. cit; Gray, M.,1998, op. cit; and Massing, M., 1998, op. cit.
484.Kozel, N. J. and Adams, E. H., “Epidemiology of drug abuse: An overview.” Science 234 (1986):970-974.
485.Institute of Medicine, Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1988.
486.Wallace, D. and Wallace, R., A Plague on Your House: How New York Was Burned Down and National Public Health Crumbled. New York: Verso, 1998.
487.Bourgois, P., “In Search of Horatio Alger.” In Reinarman, C. and Levine, H. G., 1997, op. cit.;Myers, S. L., “Crime, entrepreneurship, and labor force withdrawal.” Contemporary Policy Issues X (1992):84-97; and Prothrow-Stith, D., Deadly Consequences. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
488.National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1985. Washington, D.C.: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1986.
489.Kleiman, M. A. R., 1992, op. cit; and Reinarman, C. and Levine, H. G., “The crack attack.” In Reinarman, C. and Levine, H. G., 1997, op. cit.
490.Reinarman, C. and Levine, H. G., 1997, op. cit.