第一章 當下的音樂
[1] Small, Musicking: The Meanings of Performing and Listening (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1998). Sartre, Psychology of the Imagination (London: Methuen, 1972), 224.
[2] Steinhardt, Indivisible by Four: A String Quartet in Pursuit of Harmony (New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1998). He refers to the Quartet in G major K 327, but there is no such quartet; the only mature one in G major is K 387.
[3] Schutz, ‘Making music together: A study in social relationship’, in Arvid Brodersen (ed.), Collected Papers II: Studies in Social Theory (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1967), 159–78 [175].
[4] Ingold and Hallam (eds), ‘Creativity and cultural improvisation: An introduction’, in Elizabeth Hallam and Tim Ingold (eds), Creativity and Cultural Improvisation (Oxford: Berg, 2007), 1–24 [6, 10–11, 19].
[5] Gergen, Relational Being: Beyond Self and Community (New York:Oxford University Press, 2009), 30.
[6] Brown quoted: Arthur Knight, ‘Jammin’ the blues, or the sight of jazz, 1944’, in Krin Gabbard (ed.), Representing Jazz (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995), 11–53 [16]. Sidran, Black Talk (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971), 6.
[7] Boulez quoted: Michael Oliver, Settling the Score: A Journey through the Music of the Twentieth Century (London: Faber, 1999), 147. Mingus quoted: Barry Kernfield, What to Listen for in Jazz (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 119. Nettl quoted: The Study of Ethnomusicology: Twenty-nine Issues and Concepts (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), 40.
[8] Berliner, Thinking in Jazz: The Ininite Art of Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 102. Nooshin, ‘Improvisation as “other”: Creativity, knowledge and power—The case of Iranian classical music’, Journal of the Royal Musical Association 128/2 (2003), 242–96 [277].
[9] Armstrong’s solos: Lawrence Gushee, ‘The improvisation of Louis Armstrong’, in Bruno Nettl with Melinda Russell (eds), In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 291–334.