人類麵臨著日益嚴重的海洋環境問題，由於海洋環境的獨特屬性以及對人類所具有的不可替代的重要作用，海洋環境保護問題已成為全球性問題。從國際法的角度來看，海洋環境保護應該屬於一項“對一切義務”，因而一旦出現大規模汙染海洋環境的行為，不僅直接受害國可以采取法律行動要求加害國承擔法律責任，而且國際社會的其他成員也有權行使相應的權利並履行一定的義務。海洋環境問題是關係到人類存亡的重要問題，國際法院的案例具有指導意義，“對一切義務”概念很大程度上是在國際法院的判例中逐步發展起來的。隨著國際法院作用的進一步加強，海洋環境保護的“對一切義務”也會通過司法實踐的發展而不斷豐富，諸如訴訟主體資格和違反海洋環境保護的“對一切義務”的法律後果等現階段分歧較大的問題也會有更為明晰的法律規定。期許通過將海洋環境保護提升到“對一切義務”的法律高度，能夠更好地保護人類的生存環境，實現可持續發展。
Discussion on Applying the Protection of Marine Environment to Obligation Erga Omnes
Xing Aifen Li Mengying
Abstract：Since the International Court of Justice put forward and illustrate the concept of obligation erga omnesin the decision of the BarcelonaTraction，Light，Power Company case in 1970，obligation erga omnes plays a more and more important role in the theory and practice of international law.Although there are still some uncertain factors in its content，given the importance of the protection of marine environment and the development of obligation erga omnes，there is no doubt that the protection of marine environment belongs to obligation erga omnes.Applying obligation erga omnes to protecting marine environment，there are two important issues we should highlight，the first one is litigation qualification，and the second one is the legal consequences of breach of obligation erga omnes of protection of marine environment.Only in this way can we make our planet a better place to live in and achieve sustainable development.