首頁 藏傳佛教在西域和中原的傳播:《大乘要道密集》研究初編

四、布思端造《大菩提塔樣尺寸法》之依據

布思端所造《大菩提塔樣尺寸法》對於後世之造塔儀軌和造塔實踐具有權威意義,然其本身並非作者憑空想象出來的,而是有經典為依據的。這部儀軌文書大致可以分成兩大部分,前一部分總說造塔之緣起及各種佛塔之造型和特點;後一部分則為建造大菩提塔的儀軌,詳說大菩提塔之各組成部分的樣式、尺寸和顏色。而這兩個部分亦各有其不同的經典依據,前一部分的根據是整部佛經中最早提到造塔及各種佛塔之樣式的《律小事》('Dul ba phran tshegs kyi gzhi),[52]其相應的段落為:

de nas khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin gyis tshe dang ldan pa shva ri'i bu'i ring bsred dag khyer nas rang gi khyim ga la ba der song ste phyin nas/ de dag khyim gyi mchog gi nang du mthon po zhig tu bzhag nas nang mi dang bcas/ mdza' bo dang/ nye du dang/ phu nu dang bcas te/ mar me dang/ bdug pa dang/ me tog dang/ dri dang/ phreng ba dang/ byug pa rnams kyis mchod pa bya bar brtsams so/ mnyan yod na gnas pa'i skye bo'i tshogs kyis ji ltar'phags pa shva ri'i bu yul magadhā'i grong na la dar yongs su mya ngan las'das pa de'i ring bsrel dag'phags pa kun dga' bos blangs nas khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin la byin te/ des de dag khyim du ga na gnas[53]nang mi dang bcas/ mdza' bo dang/ gnyen dang/ phu nu dang bcas te/ mar med dang/ bdug pa dang/ me tog dang/ dri dang/ phreng ba dang/ byug pa dag gis mchod pa thos so// de bzhin du yul ko sa la'i rgyal po gsal rgyal gyis kyang thos nas/ btsun mo phreng ldan ma dang/ rgyal rigs dbyar tshul ma dang/ drang srong byin dang/ rnyed pa dag dang/ ri dags'dzin gis ma sa ga dang/ gzhan yang dad pa can mang po dag dang/ lhan cig de dag thams cad mchod pa'i yo byad dag khyer te/ khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin gyi khyim du dong nas/ de rnams kyis mchod pa'i yo byad dag gis mchod par brtsams pa las der kha cig gis yon tan gyi tshogs dag thob po/ ji tsam dus gzhan zhig na khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin ri'or zhig tu bya ba cung zad zhig byung nas des der bsgo[54]bcad nas song ngo/ skye bo phal po che dag de bzhin du'ongs pa dang/ ji tsam na sgo bcad pa mthong nas khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin gyis sgo bcad de song bas/ des bdag cag gi bsod nams kyi bar chag byas so/ zhes de dag'phya bar byed/ gzhogs'phyas byed/ smod par byed do/ de nas khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin ri'or da nas'ongs pa dang/ de'i nang mis smras pa/ khyim bdag skye bo'i tshogs chen po mchod pa'i yo byad thogs te'ongs ba las sgo bcad pa mthong nas/ des bdag cag gi bsod nams kyi bar chad byas so// zhes'phya bar byed/ gzhogs'phyas byed/ smod par byed do/ de'di snyam du'di nyid bdag gis bya ba yin no snyam du shes nas/ bcom ldan'das gang na ba der song ste phyin pa dang/ bcom ldan'das kyi zhabs gnyis la mgos phyag byas te phyogs gcig tu'dug go// phyogs gcig tu'dug nas bcom ldan'das la'di skad ces gsol to/ btsun pa'phags pa shva ri'i bu la rab tu dad pa'i skye bo'i tshogs chen po mchod pa'i yo byad dag thogs te/ bdag gi sdum par mchis pa las bdag bgyi ba cung zad cig gi slad du chab sgo bkum nas mches pa[55]dang/ de dag khyim bdag mgon med zas sbyin gyis sgo bcad de song bas/ bdag cag gi bsod nams kyi bar chad byas so zhes'phya bar bgyid/ gzhog'phyas bgyid smod par bgyid do/ de'i slad du gal te bcom ldan'das kyis gnang na bdag gi[56]'phags pa shva ri'i bu'i mchod rten phyogs snang yal can zhig tu bgyis la/ der skye bo'i tshogs chen po bag yangs su mchod pa bgyid du stsal to// bcom ldan'das kyis bka' stsal ba/ khyim bdag de lta bas na gnang gis byos shig/ bcom ldan'das kyis gnang gis byos shig ces bka' stsal pa dang/ des ji ltar bur bya ba mi shes nas/ bcom ldan'das kyis bka' stsal pa/ rim gyis bang rim bzhi byas la de nas bum rten bya'o// de nas bum pa dang bre dang/ srog shing dang/ gdugs gcig dang/ gnyis dang/ gsum dang/ bzhi bya ba[57]nas bcu gsum gyi bar du bya zhing char khab dag gzhag par bya'o/ bcom ldan'das kyis mchod rten de lta bu bya'o zhes gsungs pa dang/ des ci'phags pa shva ri'i bu'ba' shig la mchod rten rnam pa de lta bu'am/'on te'phags pa thams cad la bya ba mi shes nas/ skabs de bcom ldan'das la dge slong dag gis gsol pa dang/ bcom ldan'das kyis bka' stsal pa/ khyim bdag re shig de bzhin gshegs pa'i mchod rten ni rnam pa thams cad rdzogs par bya'o// rang sangs rgyas kyi char khab mi gzhag par bya'o// dgra bcom pa'i ni gdugs bzhi'o/ phyir mi'ong ba'i ni gsum mo// phyir'ong ba'i ni gnyis so/ rgyun du zhugs pa'i ni gcig go// so so'i skye bo dge ba rnams kyi mchod rten ni byi bor bya'o//